Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)

The total revenue a typical customer generates over the entire time they remain a customer.

Definition

Customer lifetime value (CLV or LTV) is the total revenue you can expect from a typical customer from the first transaction through their last. CLV is calculated as average transaction value × purchase frequency × retention period. Some calculations subtract cost of goods to produce a profit-based CLV.

Why it matters

CLV is the foundation of every direct mail ROI calculation. Without it, you can only measure the immediate response — and most direct mail campaigns don't pay back on the first transaction. A reactivated dental patient is worth $1,200 in year one and $5,000+ over five years, which is what justifies spending $5–10 to bring them back.

Example

A med spa's average client visits 3 times per year at $250 per visit and stays for 4 years on average — a CLV of $3,000. Spending $20 to reactivate a lapsed client is a clear win even if they don't book until their second postcard.

Related terms

  • Return on InvestmentThe ratio of revenue generated to total campaign cost — typically expressed as X:1 or a...
  • Break-Even Response RateThe minimum response rate at which campaign revenue covers campaign cost — below this, ...
  • House ListA mailing list of your existing or past customers, built and owned by your business.
  • Reactivation CampaignA targeted marketing sequence aimed at bringing back lapsed or inactive customers.

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